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  1. What We Do
  2. Predatory Lending & Private Credit
  3. Private Student Lending
  4. Income-Share Agreements

Income-Share Agreements

We are fighting to hold Wall Street and Silicon Valley accountable for a years-long scheme to drive students into Income Share Agreements.

A decade ago, Silicon Valley investors, Wall Street financiers, and researchers at right-wing think tanks conspired to rebrand subprime private student loans as a new kind of student debt, making false promises about protections for students and the long-term benefits for American higher education.

These so-called “Income-Share Agreements” or ISAs were offered to students at coding bootcamps and private and public colleges across the country, often marketed as a way to pay for college without taking on student loans or going into debt. The sales pitch promised that students would never have to repay these ISAs if they failed to get a job that earned a decent income, while, behind the scenes, financial engineers loaded contracts with fine print and passed off these subprime loans onto investors before they could go bad.

What We’re Doing

The ISA industry’s history of mismanagement, abuse, and unlawful conduct made it a target for public enforcement actions, private lawsuits, and congressional oversight. See below to learn more about our work to hold companies from Silicon Valley to Wall Street accountable for cheating students and borrowers.

Featured Work


  • Press Releases

    Illinois Poised to be First State to Acquiesce to Income Share Agreement Companies, Green Lighting Predatory Industry Bill

    Illinois Senate Bill creates special rules for an industry plagued by federal consumer protection violations.

    READ More


  • Blogs

    Same Fraud, New Name: Disgraced Prehired CEO Relaunches Predatory Company as “FastTrack”

    With the CFPB shuttered, advocates call on state regulators and Attorneys General to protect students and borrowers from the repeat offender.

    READ More


  • Press Releases

    As CFPB Enforcement Folds, Predatory Tech Company Prehired Defies Government Order to Cease Operations and Continues Defrauding Students

    SBPC released the results of a months-long investigation into the tech company Prehired, exposing how the firm had resumed its scheme to push worthless credentials on students, paid for via its own predatory private student lending operation.

    READ More


  • Press Releases

    CFPB Halts Silicon Valley Predatory Student Lending Scheme, Bans Disgraced Tech Founder from Student Loan Industry

    Austen Allred, pioneering “Income Share Agreement” loan shark and founder of for-profit coding bootcamp BloomTech (formerly “Lambda School”) is named in federal enforcement action; company and founder must cancel debt owed by some current and former students.

    READ More


  • Press Releases

    States and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Take Major Action to Hold the Predatory Bootcamp Prehired Accountable for Illegal Student Lending and Debt Collection Practices

    Action by eleven states and the CFPB follows groundbreaking SBPC investigation and seeks relief for defrauded students.

    READ More


  • News Clips

    New Disclosures for Income-Share Agreements

    Ben Kaufman, director of research and investigations at the Student Borrower Protection Center, said the bureau’s 2021 action with Better Future Forward was an important step in stating that ISAs are loans, but some providers have continued to assert that their ISAs aren’t loans. With the disclosure form, he was skeptical that providers would even use it. “My biggest takeaway is that as with everything with ISAs, these people continue to delude themselves…

    READ More


  • Blogs

    Income Share Agreements: Predatory Inclusion into a Deeply Unequal Education System

    Based on a review of various income share agreement structures and research on the workings of the ISA industry, we argue that, rather than a progressive alternative to student loans, ISAs are better characterized as reflecting a process of predatory inclusion.

    READ More


  • Blogs

    Colorado’s Nation-Leading Work to Shine a Light on Shadow Student Debt Exposes Massive Risks for Borrowers

    Less than a year after passing the Student Loan Equity Act, Colorado’s nation-leading work to shed light on shadow student debt reveals key risks.

    READ More


  • Press Releases

    Statement on Groundbreaking Washington State Lawsuit Against Scam Tech Sales Bootcamp Engaged in Predatory Student Lending Scheme Bootcamp

    Yesterday, Washington Attorney General Bob Ferguson filed a lawsuit against the disgraced online tech sales bootcamp Prehired, LLC and its founder, Joshua Jordan, for a startling array of illegal acts and practices.

    READ More


  • Letters & Memos

    Purdue Must Stop Illegally Profiting at Students’ Expense—or Risk Losing its Access to the Federal Financial Faucet

    In a letter to the Department of Education, the SBPC exposes how Purdue University’s notorious “Back-A-Boiler” private student loan program puts students at risk and flagrantly violates the law.

    READ More


  • Press Releases

    Watchdog Warns Students: Beware Risky New Loans By Tech Lenders for Dubious For-Profit Schools

    An SBPC review has identified more than 100 unaccredited and otherwise dubious for-profit schools that market point-of-sale financing such as BNPL credit as a variety of student loan.

    READ More


  • Blogs

    A Predatory School is Dragging 290 Defrauded Students into Court in the Latest Example of the Exploitative State of the Income Share Agreement Market

    It is long past due for policymakers, regulators, law enforcement, and Congress to hold ISA providers and the bootcamps that rely on them accountable, and to protect borrowers from these predatory shams.

    READ More


  • Reports

    States on the Frontlines of Student Borrower Legislation and Advocacy in 2021

    After four years of leading the fight to protect student loan borrowers, 2021 has seen states across the country continue to take steps to deliver protections and hold companies harming borrowers accountable.

    READ More


  • Reports

    SBPC and the Center for Consumer Law & Economic Justice at the UC Berkeley School of Law Outline How California Can Protect ISA Borrowers

    This issue brief, from the SPBC and the Center for Consumer Law & Economic Justice at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, provides an overview of how California’s Department of Financial Protection and Innovation and the California legislature can protect borrowers from predatory income share agreements. 

    READ More


  • Blogs

    With Protections for Income Share Agreement Borrowers, California Can Continue Leading the Fight Against Predatory Private Student Loans

    California has long been a leader in student borrower protection. A new memo outlines how policymakers and law enforcement in the Golden State can protect borrowers from predatory income share agreements.

    READ More


  • Press Releases

    Income Share Agreement Company and For-Profit School Sued for Deceptive Practices and Illegal Lending

    Two former students, with the support of the SBPC, filed lawsuits against a predatory online bootcamp scheme and a nationwide provider of ISAs, alleging widespread deceptive practices, illegal lending, and unlawful collection of student loans.

    READ More


  • Lawsuits

    Students and Advocates Take Action Against Sham For-Profit School and Student Loan Company

    Former students filed lawsuits against Top Applicant (also known as “Elevate”), a predatory online bootcamp, and Leif, a nationwide ISA provider. Alongside this, SBPC referred Leif to the CFPB. SBPC referred the ISA company to the CFPB.

    READ More


  • News Clips

    Tech Bootcamp Students are Suing Over Income-Share Agreements

    The former students allege they were misled to think they were applying for jobs and misled on the terms of the ISAs in order to join a 10-week online tech sales bootcamp for “sales development representatives.” But the lawsuits allege that the students did not learn much while being tracked into entry-level jobs that didn’t need training — and then faced harassment to pay back high debts

    READ More


  • Blogs

    It’s Time to Bring the Shadow Student Loan Market into the Light of Consumer Protections

    It’s time for Congress to afford borrowers who take on shadow student debt the same protections as everyone else.

    READ More


  • Letters & Memos

    Letters to Federal Regulators on Income Share Agreements

    In light of recent action by the CFPB to affirm that ISAs are a form of private student loan that must comply with all relevant state and federal consumer financial protections, the SBPC sent letters to a number of federal agencies highlighting the need for increased scrutiny of the ISA market.

    READ More

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