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  1. What We Do
  2. Free College
  3. Institutional Debt

Institutional Debt

Preventing schools from trapping students in a cycle of debt.

Students deserve an affordable higher education free from debt. In addition to federal and private student loans, institutions often saddle students with “institutional debt” owed directly to the school for unpaid or hidden costs, fees, and fines. These new debts can be disastrous for students: colleges can prevent them from obtaining their transcripts, re-enrolling in courses, completing their degree, and can even place them in private collections and force them to lose tax refunds and other benefits.

What We’re Doing

While we fight for the promise of free public college, we’re working to end hidden or unexpected institutional debts and fees across higher education. Protect Borrowers is working to highlight and end the crisis of institutional debt by:

  • Publishing groundbreaking research on institutional debt and its consequences.
  • Leading statewide efforts to protect students by banning transcript withholding, placing guardrails on the use of third-party debt collectors, and allowing students to re-enroll in courses to get back on track.
  • Ensuring that the U.S. Department of Education revised rules to prevent colleges from withholding transcripts for classes paid for with federal financial aid.

By The Numbers

6.6 million students

Nationwide, 6.6 million students collectively owe their schools as much as $15 billion in institutional debts.

$350 million in debt

In California alone, 750,000 low-income students accumulated $350 million in institutional debts at the beginning of the pandemic.

1-in-4 students

More than 1-in-4 students across the country are now protected by state law from transcript withholding.

In The News


  • News Clips

    California bill aims to help students with institutional debt

    Assemblymember Blanca Pacheco introduced a bill that would prohibit California schools from withholding degrees or certificates from students if they owe money.  “With the current enrollment crisis, it is important that we help students with removing barriers in attaining their higher education goals and understand what else we must do to address the student debt crisis, including […]

    READ More


  • News Clips

    ‘Transcript ransom’ bill would help job-seekers owing debt to colleges

    In the past few years, just over a half-dozen states have passed related laws targeting transcript withholding. The movement represents a paradigm shift as policymakers and colleges begin to rethink what has been a common but ineffective tool for debt collection, said Winston Berkman-Breen, deputy director of advocacy and policy counsel for the nonprofit Student Borrower Protection Center. “There’s no intrinsic value to the transcript to the school. It’s only a tactic to…

    READ More


  • News Clips

    Planned Virginia Legislation Would Limit Transcript Withholding: Report

    Lawmakers in several states in addition to Virginia have also introduced billsans, according to the Student Borrower Protection Center, including Connecticut, Louisiana, Maryland Massachusetts and New Jersey. “As more states prohibit transcript withholding as a debt collection tactic, they are also looking to the future and asking ‘How can we help students with the underlying debt itself?’” Student Borrower Protection Center Executive Director Mike Pierce said in a statement earlier this year. “Now…

    READ More


  • News Clips

    Colleges Fight Attempts to Stop Them From withholding transcripts over unpaid bills

    As many as 6.6 million students nationwide can’t obtain their transcripts because they have unpaid bills to colleges or universities, the higher education consulting firm Ithaka S+R estimates. These balances can be as little as $25, though they are usually higher; the average at community colleges is $631 and at universities and colleges overall, $2,335.

    READ More


  • News Clips

    States Step In To Stop Colleges Holding Transcripts Ransom For Unpaid Bills

    Several states have passed or are considering laws to curb the practice of blocking students who owe money from obtaining their transcripts. California last year became the first state in which public and private higher educational institutions were banned from holding back the transcripts of students who have unpaid debts. A new Washington State law requires that students who owe money be allowed to get their transcripts to apply for jobs. A coalition…

    READ More


  • News Clips

    Colleges are withholding transcripts and degrees from millions over unpaid bills

    Students who have paid off all but a small number of completed classes can nonetheless have their entire transcripts held back, said Rebecca Maurer, counsel at the nonprofit advocacy group the Student Borrower Protection Center. “Even if you want to make sure people pay their debt, there is no logical excuse for holding the paid and obtained credit,” Maurer said. A student “can be one credit away from graduation and their car can…

    READ More


  • News Clips

    Group Urges Cancellation of Institutional Student Debt

    Congress and the Biden administration should require colleges and universities to forgive all institutional debt as a condition of getting additional coronavirus relief funds, said the Student Borrower Protection Center.

    READ More


  • News Clips

    Bill to prohibit colleges from withholding transcripts as debt collection tactic signed into law

    READ More

Featured Work


  • Press Releases

    CALIFORNIA: Assemblymember Pacheco Joins Coalition to Unveil the “Protecting Students from Creditor Colleges Act” on Institutional Debt

    State bill is aimed at protecting students from so-called “institutional debt,” or the educational barriers and harmful debt collection practices related to debts students owe directly to schools.

    READ More


  • Press Releases

    With New York’s Transcript Withholding Ban, 1-in-4 Students Across Country Now Protected Against Predatory School Collection Practices

    A map showing a new analysis of indicates major state-level momentum across the country to take action against transcript withholding.

    READ More


  • Letters & Memos

    Memo: Transcript and diploma withholding

    States have an opportunity to ban transcript and diploma withholding at academic institutions, allowing students to access documentation of their earned credits and move forward with their educations and careers.

    READ More


  • Reports

    Creditor Colleges: Canceling Debts that Surged During COVID-19 for Low-Income Students

    According to this new report, when students owe debts to “Creditor Colleges,” the consequences can be catastrophic.

    READ More


  • Reports

    Withholding Dreams: Why Washington Must Tie COVID Relief for Colleges to Relief for Students Burdened by Institutional Debt

    This issue brief examines how debt owed by students directly to schools presents unique challenges, and how Washington can provide relief to students and borrowers burdened by these debts as part of the overall higher education response to COVID.

    READ More

EXPLORE OUR OTHER WORK

PREDATORY LENDING & PRIVATE CREDIT

We believe that opportunity should not come with a lifetime of debt. We are fighting to hold private companies accountable, demanding justice for families and rewriting the rules that shape how private credit is extended, serviced, collected, and reported across the economy.

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SHADOW STUDENT DEBT

We expose how predatory schools and finance companies work together to drive students to take on billions of dollars in debt—spread across credit cards, home equity loans, and other private credit—to finance their education. Once students take on these debts, they face aggressive debt collection practices which leave borrowers in distress and drowning in debt. 

Learn More
PRIVATE STUDENT LENDING

We shed light on the unique risks and harms experienced by students and families in the growing private student loan market and push for policy change to strengthen borrowers’ rights and protections. 

Learn More
INCOME SHARE AGREEMENTS

We are fighting to hold Wall Street and Silicon Valley accountable for a years-long scheme to drive students into predatory Income Share Agreements.

Learn More
BOOTCAMPS

We are fighting to hold bootcamp operators accountable for years of mismanagement and abuse.

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SCAM SCHOOLS

We work with state and federal policymakers to protect families from low-quality, predatory schools and online tech companies that leave students with worthless degrees and training and mountains of debt.

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FOR-PROFIT COLLEGES

Private companies provide education and training to students across the economy, advertising careers in fields from tech to healthcare. Too often, these companies scam students, promising the American Dream and delivering debt and distress. We investigate and build lawsuits against scam schools, including the corporations that run global for-profit colleges and fly-by-night training providers who target first-generation students, military families, and students of color.

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ONLINE PROGRAM MANAGERS

Across higher education, private companies known as Online Program Managers or OPMs contract with colleges and universities to provide services ranging from marketing, recruitment, and advertising to instruction and curriculum development. Often, students are unaware of the existence of the private company and the role it plays in their education. Students take on debt to access what they believe to be a quality education from a name-brand institution with a good reputation, when they’re actually attending a low-quality online program run by a private firm. We are working with policymakers to protect students from OPMs, and calling on regulators to investigate the partnerships and enforce existing consumer protection laws.

Learn More

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